Peru

Stereotyped assessments by teachers exacerbate gender disparities in educational outcomes for high school students in Peru. New evidence shows that these negative impacts persist years later in labour market gender gaps.

Jobs in Peru use a larger number of skills than comparable jobs in the US. This lack of specialisation is consistent with firms’ hiring of "toderos" (workers with many skills, do-it-alls), given the high levels of worker reallocation.

The introduction of mass public transportation systems in Lima, Peru, connected neighbourhoods, reduced commuting times, and increased access to college

A larger fine for electoral abstention increases voter turnout but does not affect election outcomes in settings with compulsory voting

Labour market power hinders development by suppressing wage employment and also fostering a dependence on self-employment that undermines the effectiveness of policies aiming to boost wages and wage employment

Chinese import competition in Peru had adverse effects on employment in the short term, which dissipates for men, but is long-lasting for low-educated women in the tradable sector

After the public disclosure of alleged forced sterilisations during a family planning campaign, municipalities in Peru with more victims exhibited a steep decline in public health services and lower levels of trust in public institutions

School-based internet access boosted test scores in Peru, but these effects took time to materialise

Removing local barriers to entry can be a cost-efficient way to boost aggregate productivity growth in developing countries