formalisation

Taxes on consumption help governments in developing countries redistribute thanks to the presence of large informal sectors

How can we best incentivise bureaucrats in a formal manner that avoids concerns over corruption?

Policy interventions in non-agricultural small-scale enterprises shed light on what matters for firm growth and profitability

Lower informality does not necessarily translate to higher total factor productivity or improved welfare

Providing information and assistance to informal firms increases formalisation, but the cost of the intervention is likely prohibitively high