polarisation
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Reducing exposure to misinformation: Evidence from WhatsApp in Brazil
Deactivating multimedia on WhatsApp in Brazil consistently reduced exposure to online misinformation during the pre-election weeks in 2022, but did not impact whether false news was believed, or reduce polarisation.
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How does social media influence democracy? Evidence from WhatsApp in India
Social media groups can improve voter knowledge, but may also increase polarisation in political preferences
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Unintended voter polarisation by political elites: Experimental evidence from Turkey
A door-to-door information campaign in Turkey unintentionally polarised the electorate over their vote in a policy referendum