population

Population surges tend to cause conflict and competition for resources if unaccompanied by productivity growth and unmediated by strong institutions

China’s one-child policy increased its capital-labour ratio and reduced FDI inflows relative to India, consistent with neoclassical fundamentals

While urbanisation and socioeconomic factors played a role, the global decline in fertility is largely due to successful population control programmes

Being unmarried, especially through widowhood, can have substantial effects on relative rates of female mortality in the developing world