A large influx of Syrian refugees in Turkey induced substantial increments in Turkish firm production and entry, with variation in effects across firm size and sectors
International labour migration and related remittances increase human capital attainment in rural areas, and over the long run trigger a shift of jobs out of farming towards the service sector
The return of Yugoslavian refugees from Germany in the 1990s explains the stronger performance of exports to the rest of the world in industries where they were employed while abroad