pensions

A non-contributory government pension in Chile raised life expectancy of the elderly poor, increasing food consumption and visits to health centres, and also had important knock-on effects on relatives living in the same household

The extension of social pensions in Namibia in the 1990s led to a rapid, substantial decline in fertility

A non-contributory pension scheme substantially improved consumption and wellbeing, and reduced the number of over-65s in poverty doing paid work

State pensions in Indonesia and Ghana are found to impact parents and their children, with respect to elderly care and investment in education