Rafael Dix-Carneiro is an Associate Professor of Economics at Duke University; holds affiliations to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) and the Bureau for Research and Economic Analysis of Development (BREAD); is an Editor at Economia, the Journal of LACEA; and an Associate Editor at Quantitative Economics. He started his academic career as an Assistant Professor at the University of Maryland after completing his PhD at Princeton University in 2011.

His work focuses on the labor market adjustment process in response to globalization and trade liberalization, including i) the dynamics of adjustment to trade and ii) the margins of adjustment to trade. Additional research includes how trade-oriented firms respond to exchange rate fluctuations and the impact of economic shocks on crime. His research has been published in journals such as Econometrica, the American Economic Review, the Journal of International Economics and the American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.