Even large manufacturing firms in Uganda resemble groups of self-employed workers, which limits the gains to scaling these firms

While vocational training helps young job seekers find work, overconfidence in finding a job has important long-term effects on job-seeking behaviour

Rental markets for large machines between small firms allow them to achieve economies of scale, increasing mechanisation and aggregate productivity

Soft skills certificates improve the allocation of workers to jobs, and raise earnings conditional on employment

While both vocational training and apprenticeships raise employment of poor Ugandan youth and are cost-effective in the long run, vocational training has larger impacts