Grants

Grants given to public schools in Pakistan increase test scores in both public and private schools as a result of increased competition

For microenterprises in Egypt, loans and grants increase incomes similarly, but only among certain recipients

Interventions aimed at alleviating multiple constraints are often needed to achieve the desired impact

Connected cities request and receive 15% more funds from the national government. Yet the welfare loss from this may be only 0.24% of the budget.