incentives

Personalising schemes which incentivise exercise substantially increases their performance compared to one-size-fits-all approaches

When electoral rules encourage politicians to secure a broader base of support, politicians provide public goods more broadly

Providing small financial incentives for daily steps to at-risk individuals in India encouraged exercise and improved health

Group incentives can lead agricultural cooperative managers to improve production quality, but increasing transparency around incentives can backfire

While China’s bureaucracy and institutions allow large-scale policy experimentation, incentives in complex political environments can inhibit policy learning

A study of community toilets in India shows importance of fully subsidising basic services and of measures to prevent overcrowding and degradation

Performance pay contracts attract teachers who improve both test score and non-test score outcomes for students

Pay for performance can improve student learning without negative impacts on the type of teacher that gets recruited or retained

Interventions aimed at alleviating multiple constraints are often needed to achieve the desired impact